How to String Solar Panels

Understanding how to wire solar panels, also known as stringing, is crucial for installers. It impacts the voltage, current, and power of solar arrays, which, in turn, affects the choice of the right inverter and ensures the system functions correctly.

Types of Wiring Needed for Solar Panels:

1. PV Wire (Solar Cable): Connects the solar panels, known as stringing.
2. MC4 Connectors: Standard for solar panel installations.
3. Wire Management Clips and Zip Ties: Secure wires and protect them from damage.
4. Circuit Breakers and Fuses: Provide overcurrent protection, with size and type based on system voltage and components.
5. Charge Controller and Inverter Cables: Connect the charge controller to the battery.

The specific wires and connectors depend on your solar system’s design. Check system specifications or consult a professional solar installer for guidance.

Series vs. Parallel Stringing

Solar panel wiring can be done in series or parallel, each affecting electrical current and voltage differently.

How to Connect Solar Panels in Series

1. Placement: Connect panels in a row.
2. Positive and Negative Connections: Panels have positive and negative terminals. In series, connect the positive terminal of one panel to the negative terminal of the next panel.
3. Effect on Current and Voltage:

• Each added panel increases total current (I) but not voltage (V).
• Shading one panel reduces the entire string’s current. The panel with the lowest current affects the overall current.
• Note: Solar panels often have bypass diodes allowing current to flow around shaded panels.
• Understanding these basics ensures proper wiring and optimal performance of solar panel systems.

This post was written by Daniel Massaad, owner and expert solar technician at Energy Solutions Direct! ESD is the top choice for solar panels in Tampa! Our licensed and certified contractors are masters of their craft; with years of experience servicing the great Tampa Bay area and beyond, the choice is simple. ESD excels at offering you the best in solar value!